Researcher

Research questions

• Clinical reasoning

  Does the hypothesis change according to the weight of the new finding, or according to the order in which it arrives?

  Bergus et al., Med Decis Making, 1998

• Which findings bring the guess closest to the diagnosis, and does that measured weight match the likelihood ratios in the literature?

  McGee, Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis

• Does a hypothesis already formed change how an ECG, a sound or an image that comes later is read?

  LeBlanc, Brooks and Norman, Acad Med, 2002

• At what point in experience does the correct answer stop coming step by step and start coming from the first findings, as illness script theory predicts?

  Schmidt and Rikers, Med Educ, 2007

• Diagnostic error and bias

  Can premature closure be measured as persistence with a wrong hypothesis after findings that contradict it?

  Croskerry, Acad Med, 2003

• Does seeing a diagnosis a few days earlier raise the chance of proposing it in a similar case of a different disease?

  Mamede et al., JAMA, 2010

• When the disease is rare, does the error land on a common disease in the same group because prevalence is used correctly, or because the specific finding is overlooked?

  Tversky and Kahneman, Science, 1974

• Do near misses, in the same ICD group, and far misses, in another chapter, have different causes, such as lack of knowledge and faulty reasoning?

  Norman et al., Acad Med, 2017

• Time and pressure

  Does time pressure reduce accuracy, or does it only bring forward decisions that would be the same without the rush?

  ALQahtani et al., Acad Med, 2016

• On the same case, are those who answer quickly right more or less often than those who take their time?

  Sherbino et al., Acad Med, 2012

• Learning and memory

  Does meeting a diagnosis again days apart lead to better retention than seeing it several times in a row, and for how long?

  Kerfoot et al., Med Educ, 2007

• Does switching specialties from one case to the next help tell similar diagnoses apart, as interleaved practice did in ECG interpretation?

  Hatala, Brooks and Norman, Adv Health Sci Educ, 2003

• Gamification and motivation

  Which game element sustains practice and which produces learning, if the two effects can be separated?

  Sailer and Homner, Educ Psychol Rev, 2020

• Does feedback graded by proximity teach more than right-or-wrong feedback?

  Shute, Rev Educ Res, 2008

• Does the leaderboard motivate those at the top and drive away those at the bottom?

  Hanus and Fox, Comput Educ, 2015

• People, places and languages

  Do people who live far from endemic areas recognize a neglected tropical disease later in the case, and does the difference come from knowledge or from the probability they assign to it?

  WHO, road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021 to 2030

• Do the patient's sex and age change when the correct answer comes, in diseases that present differently across groups?

  Chapman, Kaatz and Carnes, J Gen Intern Med, 2013

• Does reasoning in a foreign language reduce bias, as in decisions studied outside medicine, or does it only slow down the diagnosis?

  Keysar, Hayakawa and An, Psychol Sci, 2012

• Measurement and artificial intelligence

  Does the same case have the same difficulty in all six languages, or does translation change what it measures?

  International Test Commission, 2017

• Can the clue at which the answer is reached become an ordinal difficulty scale, calibrated with item response theory?

  Samejima, Psychometrika, 1969

• Do language models and students go wrong on the same cases and at the same points in the ICD, or do they fail in different ways?

  Kanjee, Crowe and Rodman, JAMA, 2023